Players analysis, in distribution.

What month were most goalkeepers born? Do attackers cluster differently from defenders? Where do the GOATs (Pelé, Maradona, Cruyff, Messi, CR7, R9…) fall on the curve — on the modal month or as outliers?

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2002, 2006, 2014

Squads by position

Players in the selected window, split by role

GET /aggregates/players?years=2002,2006,2014

By confederation

Where the players come from

GET /aggregates/players?years=2002,2006,2014

Hemisphere split

Northern vs Southern hemisphere national teams

Northern1,817 (82.3%)

Southern391 (17.7%)

ApiTeam.country × hemisphere classification

Birth month, by position

One chart per role. GOAT pin-marks (gold dots above the bars) call out where iconic players sit. Look for the “relative-age effect” — many youth-academy systems privilege Q1 birthdays (Jan-Mar) for early physical development, and you sometimes see the same skew in elite squads.

Goalkeepers

Birth-month distribution + 1 GOAT marker

Lev Yashin· Oct

Modal month: Apr — 35 players (12.2%). Range: 13—35.

Defenders

Birth-month distribution + 2 GOAT markers

Franz Beckenbauer· Sep

Fabio Cannavaro· Sep

Modal month: Feb — 83 players (11.3%). Range: 48—83.

Midfielders

Birth-month distribution + 10 GOAT markers

Bobby Charlton· Oct

Diego Maradona· Oct

Michel Platini· Jun

Zico· Mar

Zinedine Zidane· Jun

Ronaldinho· Mar

Kaká· Apr

Andrés Iniesta· May

Xavi Hernández· Jan

Luka Modrić· Sep

Modal month: Jan — 79 players (10.9%). Range: 44—79.

Attackers

Birth-month distribution + 17 GOAT markers

Pelé· Oct

Garrincha· Oct

Eusébio· Jan

Gerd Müller· Nov

Johan Cruyff· Apr

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge· Sep

Paolo Rossi· Sep

Romário· Jan

Ronaldo (R9)· Sep

Cristiano Ronaldo· Feb

Lionel Messi· Jun

Kylian Mbappé· Dec

Neymar· Feb

Robert Lewandowski· Aug

Mohamed Salah· Jun

Karim Benzema· Dec

Vinícius Jr· Jul

Modal month: Aug — 52 players (11.3%). Range: 25—52.

All players

Every player from the 2002, 2006, 2014 squads. Search by name or filter by country, position, birth year or birth month. The C badge marks captains.

NameCountryPositionBirth yearBirth month

1,944 / 1,944

Player	Country	Position	DOB	Birth month	WCs	Goals
Miroslav Klose	Germany	Attacker	1978-06-09	Jun	3	12
Ronaldo	Brazil	Attacker	1976-09-18	Sep	2	11
James Rodríguez	Colombia	Midfielder	1991-07-12	Jul	1	6
Lionel MessiC	Argentina	Attacker	1987-06-24	Jun	2	5
Robin van PersieC	Netherlands	Attacker	1983-08-06	Aug	2	5
Rivaldo	Brazil	Midfielder	1972-04-19	Apr	1	5
Thomas Müller	Germany	Attacker	1989-09-13	Sep	1	5
Arjen Robben	Netherlands	Midfielder	1984-01-23	Jan	2	4
David Villa	Spain	Attacker	1981-12-03	Dec	2	4
Fernando Torres	Spain	Attacker	1984-03-20	Mar	2	4
Henrik Larsson	Sweden	Attacker	1971-09-20	Sep	2	4
Hernán Crespo	Argentina	Attacker	1975-07-05	Jul	2	4
Pauleta	Portugal	Attacker	1973-04-28	Apr	2	4
RaúlC	Spain	Attacker	1977-06-27	Jun	2	4
Tim Cahill	Australia	Midfielder	1979-12-06	Dec	2	4
Christian Vieri	Italy	Attacker	1973-07-12	Jul	1	4
Jon Dahl Tomasson	Denmark	Attacker	1976-08-29	Aug	1	4
Neymar	Brazil	Attacker	1992-02-05	Feb	1	4
Agustín Delgado	Ecuador	Attacker	1974-12-23	Dec	2	3
Ahn Jung-hwan	South Korea	Attacker	1976-01-27	Jan	2	3
Asamoah GyanC	Ghana	Attacker	1985-11-22	Nov	2	3
Clint DempseyC	United States	Midfielder	1983-03-09	Mar	2	3
Lukas Podolski	Germany	Attacker	1985-06-04	Jun	2	3
Maxi Rodríguez	Argentina	Midfielder	1981-01-02	Jan	2	3
Michael BallackC	Germany	Midfielder	1976-09-26	Sep	2	3
Nelson Cuevas	Paraguay	Attacker	1980-01-10	Jan	2	3
Paulo Wanchope	Costa Rica	Attacker	1976-07-31	Jul	2	3
Rónald Gómez	Costa Rica	Attacker	1975-01-24	Jan	2	3
Thierry Henry	France	Attacker	1977-08-17	Aug	2	3
Zinedine ZidaneC	France	Midfielder	1972-06-23	Jun	2	3
André Schürrle	Germany	Attacker	1990-11-06	Nov	1	3
Enner Valencia	Ecuador	Attacker	1989-11-04	Nov	1	3
Fernando Morientes	Spain	Attacker	1976-04-05	Apr	1	3
İlhan Mansız	Turkey	Attacker	1975-08-10	Aug	1	3
Karim Benzema	France	Attacker	1987-12-19	Dec	1	3
Marc WilmotsC	Belgium	Attacker	1969-02-22	Feb	1	3
Papa Bouba Diop	Senegal	Midfielder	1978-01-28	Jan	1	3
Robbie Keane	Republic of Ireland	Attacker	1980-07-08	Jul	1	3
Xherdan Shaqiri	Switzerland	Midfielder	1991-10-10	Oct	1	3
Ivica Olić	Croatia	Attacker	1979-09-14	Sep	3	2
Rafael MárquezC	Mexico	Defender	1979-02-13	Feb	3	2
Alessandro Del Piero	Italy	Attacker	1974-11-09	Nov	2	2
Bastian Schweinsteiger	Germany	Midfielder	1984-08-01	Aug	2	2
Brian McBride	United States	Attacker	1972-06-19	Jun	2	2
Carlos Tenorio	Ecuador	Attacker	1979-05-14	May	2	2
Cristiano RonaldoC	Portugal	Attacker	1985-02-05	Feb	2	2
David BeckhamC	England	Midfielder	1975-05-02	May	2	2
Fred	Brazil	Attacker	1983-10-03	Oct	2	2
Jared Borgetti	Mexico	Attacker	1973-08-14	Aug	2	2
Junichi Inamoto	Japan	Midfielder	1979-09-18	Sep	2	2
Landon Donovan	United States	Attacker	1982-03-04	Mar	2	2
Marco Materazzi	Italy	Defender	1973-08-19	Aug	2	2
Michael Owen	England	Attacker	1979-12-14	Dec	2	2
Oliver Neuville	Germany	Attacker	1973-05-01	May	2	2
Park Ji-sung	South Korea	Midfielder	1981-03-30	Mar	2	2
Patrick Vieira	France	Midfielder	1976-06-23	Jun	2	2
Ronaldinho	Brazil	Midfielder	1980-03-21	Mar	2	2
Steven GerrardC	England	Midfielder	1980-05-30	May	2	2
Xabi Alonso	Spain	Midfielder	1981-11-25	Nov	2	2
Abdelmoumene Djabou	Algeria	Midfielder	1987-01-31	Jan	1	2
Adriano	Brazil	Attacker	1982-02-17	Feb	1	2
Ahmed Musa	Nigeria	Attacker	1992-10-14	Oct	1	2
Alexander Frei	Switzerland	Attacker	1979-07-15	Jul	1	2
Alexis Sánchez	Chile	Attacker	1988-12-19	Dec	1	2
André Ayew	Ghana	Midfielder	1989-12-17	Dec	1	2
Andriy ShevchenkoC	Ukraine	Attacker	1976-09-29	Sep	1	2
Aruna Dindane	Ivory Coast	Attacker	1980-11-26	Nov	1	2
Bartosz Bosacki	Poland	Defender	1975-12-20	Dec	1	2
Bryan RuizC	Costa Rica	Attacker	1985-08-18	Aug	1	2
David Luiz	Brazil	Defender	1987-04-22	Apr	1	2
Fernando HierroC	Spain	Defender	1968-03-23	Mar	1	2
Gervinho	Ivory Coast	Attacker	1987-05-27	May	1	2
Hasan Şaş	Turkey	Attacker	1976-08-01	Aug	1	2
Henri Camara	Senegal	Attacker	1977-05-10	May	1	2
Islam Slimani	Algeria	Attacker	1988-06-18	Jun	1	2
Ivan Perišić	Croatia	Attacker	1989-02-02	Feb	1	2
Jackson Martínez	Colombia	Attacker	1986-10-03	Oct	1	2
Luca Toni	Italy	Attacker	1977-05-26	May	1	2
Luis Suárez	Uruguay	Attacker	1987-01-24	Jan	1	2
Maniche	Portugal	Midfielder	1977-11-11	Nov	1	2
Mario Götze	Germany	Midfielder	1992-06-03	Jun	1	2
Mario Mandžukić	Croatia	Attacker	1986-05-21	May	1	2
Mats Hummels	Germany	Defender	1988-12-16	Dec	1	2
Memphis Depay	Netherlands	Attacker	1994-02-13	Feb	1	2
Omar Bravo	Mexico	Attacker	1980-03-04	Mar	1	2
Oscar	Brazil	Midfielder	1991-09-09	Sep	1	2
Tomáš Rosický	Czech Republic	Midfielder	1980-10-04	Oct	1	2
Toni Kroos	Germany	Midfielder	1990-01-04	Jan	1	2
Ümit Davala	Turkey	Midfielder	1973-07-30	Jul	1	2
Wilfried Bony	Ivory Coast	Attacker	1988-12-10	Dec	1	2
Aleksandr Kerzhakov	Russia	Attacker	1982-11-27	Nov	2	1
Anders Svensson	Sweden	Midfielder	1976-07-17	Jul	2	1
Andrea Pirlo	Italy	Midfielder	1979-05-19	May	2	1
Andrés Guardado	Mexico	Midfielder	1986-09-28	Sep	2	1
Bernd Schneider	Germany	Midfielder	1973-11-17	Nov	2	1
Beto	Portugal	Defender	1976-05-03	May	2	1
Blerim Džemaili	Switzerland	Midfielder	1986-04-12	Apr	2	1
Carles Puyol	Spain	Defender	1978-04-13	Apr	2	1
Carlos GamarraC	Paraguay	Defender	1971-02-17	Feb	2	1
Darijo SrnaC	Croatia	Midfielder	1982-05-01	May	2	1

GOAT reference

Curated. Inclusion in this list isn't a championship ranking — it's a span of Ballon-d'Or winners + nominees + commonly-cited GOATs across eras, used for the overlay above.

NameCountryPositionBirth yearBirth month

30 / 30

Player	Country	Position	DOB	Birth month	Goals
Pelé	Brazil	Attacker	1940-10-23	Oct	—
Garrincha	Brazil	Attacker	1933-10-28	Oct	—
Eusébio	Portugal	Attacker	1942-01-25	Jan	—
Bobby Charlton	England	Midfielder	1937-10-11	Oct	—
Lev Yashin	Soviet Union	Goalkeeper	1929-10-22	Oct	—
Gerd Müller	West Germany	Attacker	1945-11-03	Nov	—
Johan Cruyff	Netherlands	Attacker	1947-04-25	Apr	—
Franz Beckenbauer	West Germany	Defender	1945-09-11	Sep	—
Diego Maradona	Argentina	Midfielder	1960-10-30	Oct	—
Michel Platini	France	Midfielder	1955-06-21	Jun	—
Zico	Brazil	Midfielder	1953-03-03	Mar	—
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge	West Germany	Attacker	1955-09-25	Sep	—
Paolo Rossi	Italy	Attacker	1956-09-23	Sep	—
Romário	Brazil	Attacker	1966-01-29	Jan	—
Ronaldo (R9)	Brazil	Attacker	1976-09-22	Sep	—
Zinedine Zidane	France	Midfielder	1972-06-23	Jun	—
Ronaldinho	Brazil	Midfielder	1980-03-21	Mar	—
Kaká	Brazil	Midfielder	1982-04-22	Apr	—
Fabio Cannavaro	Italy	Defender	1973-09-13	Sep	—
Andrés Iniesta	Spain	Midfielder	1984-05-11	May	—
Xavi Hernández	Spain	Midfielder	1980-01-25	Jan	—
Cristiano Ronaldo	Portugal	Attacker	1985-02-05	Feb	—
Lionel Messi	Argentina	Attacker	1987-06-24	Jun	—
Luka Modrić	Croatia	Midfielder	1985-09-09	Sep	—
Kylian Mbappé	France	Attacker	1998-12-20	Dec	—
Neymar	Brazil	Attacker	1992-02-05	Feb	—
Robert Lewandowski	Poland	Attacker	1988-08-21	Aug	—
Mohamed Salah	Egypt	Attacker	1992-06-15	Jun	—
Karim Benzema	France	Attacker	1987-12-19	Dec	—
Vinícius Jr	Brazil	Attacker	2000-07-12	Jul	—

Hat-tricks (3+ goals in a match)

Every individual 3+ goal performance in World Cup history. Oleg Salenko's 5-goal haul in 1994 v Cameroon is the all-time single-match record.

#	Player	Team	Opponent	Stage	Year	Goals
1	Oleg Salenko	Russia	Cameroon	Group	1994	5
2	Ernst Wilimowski	Poland	Brazil	Round of 16	1938	4
3	Ademir	Brazil	Sweden	Final round	1950	4
4	Sándor Kocsis	Hungary	West Germany	Group	1954	4
5	Eusébio	Portugal	North Korea	Quarter-final	1966	4
6	Emilio Butragueño	Spain	Denmark	Round of 16	1986	4
7	Bert Patenaude	United States	Paraguay	Group	1930	3
8	Pedro Cea	Uruguay	Yugoslavia	Semi-final	1930	3
9	Guillermo Stábile	Argentina	Mexico	Group	1930	3
10	Edmund Conen	Germany	Belgium	Round of 16	1934	3
11	Angelo Schiavio	Italy	United States	Round of 16	1934	3
12	Oldřich Nejedlý	Czechoslovakia	Germany	Semi-final	1934	3
13	Leônidas	Brazil	Poland	Round of 16	1938	3
14	Gyula Zsengellér	Hungary	Dutch East Indies	Round of 16	1938	3
15	Harry Andersson	Sweden	Cuba	Quarter-final	1938	3
16	Gustav Wetterström	Sweden	Cuba	Quarter-final	1938	3
17	Oscar Míguez	Uruguay	Bolivia	Group	1950	3
18	Estanislao Basora	Spain	Uruguay	Final round	1950	3
19	Sándor Kocsis	Hungary	South Korea	Group	1954	3
20	Erich Probst	Austria	Czechoslovakia	Group	1954	3
21	Carlos Borges	Uruguay	Scotland	Group	1954	3
22	Suat Mamat	Turkey	South Korea	Group	1954	3
23	Josef Hügi	Switzerland	Austria	Quarter-final	1954	3
24	Just Fontaine	France	Paraguay	Group	1958	3
25	Just Fontaine	France	West Germany	Third place	1958	3
26	Pelé	Brazil	France	Semi-final	1958	3
27	Florian Albert	Hungary	Bulgaria	Group	1962	3
28	Geoff Hurst	England	West Germany	Final	1966	3
29	Franz Beckenbauer	West Germany	Switzerland	Group	1966	3
30	Helmut Haller	West Germany	Switzerland	Group	1966	3
31	Eusébio	Portugal	Brazil	Group	1966	3
32	Gerd Müller	West Germany	Bulgaria	Group	1970	3
33	Gerd Müller	West Germany	Peru	Quarter-final	1970	3
34	Andrzej Szarmach	Poland	Haiti	Group	1974	3
35	Dušan Bajević	Yugoslavia	Zaire	Group	1974	3
36	Robbie Rensenbrink	Netherlands	Iran	Group	1978	3
37	Teófilo Cubillas	Peru	Iran	Group	1978	3
38	Karl-Heinz Rummenigge	West Germany	Chile	Group	1982	3
39	Zbigniew Boniek	Poland	Belgium	Second round	1982	3
40	László Kiss	Hungary	El Salvador	Group	1982	3
41	Paolo Rossi	Italy	Brazil	Second round	1982	3
42	Gary Lineker	England	Poland	Group	1986	3
43	Igor Belanov	Soviet Union	Belgium	Round of 16	1986	3
44	Tomáš Skuhravý	Czechoslovakia	Costa Rica	Round of 16	1990	3
45	Míchel	Spain	South Korea	Group	1990	3
46	Gabriel Batistuta	Argentina	Greece	Group	1994	3
47	Gabriel Batistuta	Argentina	Jamaica	Group	1998	3
48	Miroslav Klose	Germany	Saudi Arabia	Group	2002	3
49	Pauleta	Portugal	Poland	Group	2002	3
50	Gonzalo Higuaín	Argentina	South Korea	Group	2010	3
51	Thomas Müller	Germany	Portugal	Group	2014	3
52	Xherdan Shaqiri	Switzerland	Honduras	Group	2014	3
53	Cristiano Ronaldo	Portugal	Spain	Group	2018	3
54	Harry Kane	England	Panama	Group	2018	3
55	Gonçalo Ramos	Portugal	Switzerland	Round of 16	2022	3
56	Kylian Mbappé	France	Argentina	Final	2022	3

56 hat-tricks · 6with 4+ goals · Salenko's 5 (1994) is the only 5-goal haul on record