Players analysis, in distribution.

What month were most goalkeepers born? Do attackers cluster differently from defenders? Where do the GOATs (Pelé, Maradona, Cruyff, Messi, CR7, R9…) fall on the curve — on the modal month or as outliers?

Tournament window — click to toggle
2,415
Players in window
104
Teams
23.2
Avg squad size
5
Tournaments
1958, 1962, 1978, 1986, 2022

Squads by position

Players in the selected window, split by role
GET /aggregates/players?years=1958,1962,1978,1986,2022

By confederation

Where the players come from
GET /aggregates/players?years=1958,1962,1978,1986,2022

Hemisphere split

Northern vs Southern hemisphere national teams
Northern1,977 (81.9%)
Southern438 (18.1%)
ApiTeam.country × hemisphere classification

Birth month, by position

One chart per role. GOAT pin-marks (gold dots above the bars) call out where iconic players sit. Look for the “relative-age effect” — many youth-academy systems privilege Q1 birthdays (Jan-Mar) for early physical development, and you sometimes see the same skew in elite squads.

Goalkeepers

Birth-month distribution + 1 GOAT marker
GK
Lev Yashin· Oct
Modal month: Feb31 players (10.3%). Range: 1831.

Defenders

Birth-month distribution + 2 GOAT markers
DF
Franz Beckenbauer· Sep
Fabio Cannavaro· Sep
Modal month: Jan83 players (11.0%). Range: 5283.

Midfielders

Birth-month distribution + 10 GOAT markers
MF
Bobby Charlton· Oct
Diego Maradona· Oct
Michel Platini· Jun
Zico· Mar
Zinedine Zidane· Jun
Ronaldinho· Mar
Kaká· Apr
Andrés Iniesta· May
Xavi Hernández· Jan
Luka Modrić· Sep
Modal month: Jan82 players (11.7%). Range: 3582.

Attackers

Birth-month distribution + 17 GOAT markers
FW
Pelé· Oct
Garrincha· Oct
Eusébio· Jan
Gerd Müller· Nov
Johan Cruyff· Apr
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge· Sep
Paolo Rossi· Sep
Romário· Jan
Ronaldo (R9)· Sep
Cristiano Ronaldo· Feb
Lionel Messi· Jun
Kylian Mbappé· Dec
Neymar· Feb
Robert Lewandowski· Aug
Mohamed Salah· Jun
Karim Benzema· Dec
Vinícius Jr· Jul
Modal month: Feb59 players (9.0%). Range: 4859.

All players

Every player from the 1958, 1962, 1978, 1986, 2022 squads. Search by name or filter by country, position, birth year or birth month. The C badge marks captains.

2,325 / 2,325
PlayerCountryPositionDOBBirth monthWCsGoals
Just FontaineFranceAttacker1933-08-18Aug113
VaváBrazilAttacker1934-11-12Nov29
Kylian MbappéFranceAttacker1998-12-20Dec18
Lajos TichyHungaryAttacker1935-03-21Mar27
PeléBrazilAttacker1940-10-23Oct27
Lionel MessiCArgentinaAttacker1987-06-24Jun17
Gary LinekerEnglandAttacker1960-11-30Nov16
Helmut RahnWest GermanyAttacker1929-08-16Aug16
Mario KempesArgentinaAttacker1954-07-15Jul16
Valentin IvanovSoviet UnionAttacker1934-11-19Nov25
CarecaBrazilAttacker1960-10-05Oct15
Diego MaradonaCArgentinaMidfielder1960-10-30Oct15
Emilio ButragueñoSpainAttacker1963-07-22Jul15
Peter McParlandNorthern IrelandAttacker1934-04-25Apr15
Rob RensenbrinkNetherlandsAttacker1947-07-03Jul15
Teófilo CubillasPeruMidfielder1949-03-08Mar15
Dražan JerkovićYugoslaviaAttacker1936-08-06Aug24
GarrinchaBrazilAttacker1933-10-28Oct24
Karl-Heinz RummeniggeCWest GermanyAttacker1955-09-25Sep24
Uwe SeelerWest GermanyAttacker1936-11-05Nov24
Agne SimonssonSwedenAttacker1935-10-19Oct14
Alessandro AltobelliItalyAttacker1955-11-28Nov14
Flórián AlbertHungaryAttacker1941-09-15Sep14
Hans KranklAustriaAttacker1953-02-14Feb14
Ihor BelanovSoviet UnionMidfielder1960-09-25Sep14
Jorge ValdanoArgentinaAttacker1955-10-04Oct14
Julián AlvarezArgentinaAttacker2000-01-31Jan14
Kurt HamrinSwedenMidfielder1934-11-19Nov14
Leonel SánchezChileAttacker1936-04-25Apr14
Leopoldo LuqueArgentinaAttacker1949-05-03May14
Olivier GiroudFranceAttacker1986-09-30Sep14
Preben ElkjærDenmarkAttacker1957-09-11Sep14
Zdeněk ZikánCzechoslovakiaAttacker1937-11-10Nov14
Adolf SchererCzechoslovakiaMidfielder1938-05-05May23
Hans SchäferCWest GermanyAttacker1927-10-19Oct23
Michel PlatiniCFranceMidfielder1955-06-21Jun23
Paolo RossiItalyAttacker1956-09-23Sep23
Álvaro MorataSpainAttacker1992-10-23Oct13
AmarildoBrazilAttacker1939-06-29Jun13
Bukayo SakaEnglandAttacker2001-09-05Sep13
Cody GakpoNetherlandsAttacker1999-05-07May13
DirceuBrazilMidfielder1952-06-15Jun13
Enner ValenciaCEcuadorAttacker1989-11-04Nov13
Ernie BrandtsNetherlandsDefender1956-02-03Feb13
Gonçalo RamosPortugalAttacker2001-06-20Jun13
Jan CeulemansCBelgiumMidfielder1957-02-28Feb13
Jesper OlsenDenmarkMidfielder1961-03-20Mar13
Johnny RepNetherlandsAttacker1951-11-25Nov13
Marcus RashfordEnglandAttacker1997-10-31Oct13
Milan GalićCYugoslaviaMidfielder1938-03-08Mar13
Nico ClaesenBelgiumAttacker1962-10-07Oct13
Oreste CorbattaArgentinaAttacker1936-03-11Mar13
Raymond KopaFranceMidfielder1931-10-13Oct13
RicharlisonBrazilAttacker1997-05-10May13
Roberto DinamiteBrazilAttacker1954-04-13Apr13
Roger PiantoniFranceAttacker1931-12-26Dec13
Rudi VöllerWest GermanyAttacker1960-04-13Apr13
Todor VeselinovićYugoslaviaAttacker1930-10-22Oct13
Dominique RocheteauFranceMidfielder1955-01-14Jan22
Mário ZagalloBrazilAttacker1931-08-09Aug22
Zbigniew BoniekCPolandMidfielder1956-03-03Mar22
Abderrazak KhairiMoroccoAttacker1962-11-20Nov12
Aleksandar MitrovićSerbiaAttacker1994-09-16Sep12
Aleksandar PetakovićYugoslaviaAttacker1930-02-06Feb12
Anatoli IlyinSoviet UnionAttacker1931-06-27Jun12
Andrej KramarićCroatiaAttacker1991-06-19Jun12
Archie GemmillScotlandMidfielder1947-03-24Mar12
Arie HaanNetherlandsMidfielder1948-11-16Nov12
Breel EmboloSwitzerlandAttacker1997-02-14Feb12
Bruno FernandesPortugalMidfielder1994-09-08Sep12
Cho Gue-sungSouth KoreaAttacker1998-01-25Jan12
Daniel BertoniArgentinaAttacker1955-03-14Mar12
Derek KevanEnglandAttacker1935-03-06Mar12
Dieter MüllerWest GermanyAttacker1954-04-01Apr12
Eladio RojasChileMidfielder1934-11-08Nov12
Enzo FernándezArgentinaMidfielder2001-01-17Jan12
Enzo ScifoBelgiumMidfielder1966-02-19Feb12
Fernando QuirarteMexicoDefender1956-05-17May12
Ferran TorresSpainAttacker2000-02-29Feb12
Florencio AmarillaParaguayAttacker1935-01-03Jan12
Giacomo BulgarelliItalyMidfielder1940-10-24Oct12
Giorgian de ArrascaetaUruguayMidfielder1994-06-01Jun12
Grzegorz LatoPolandAttacker1950-04-08Apr12
Harry KaneCEnglandAttacker1993-07-28Jul12
Heinz FloheWest GermanyMidfielder1948-01-28Jan12
Igor ChislenkoSoviet UnionMidfielder1939-09-08Sep12
Ivor AllchurchWalesAttacker1929-10-16Oct12
Jaime RamírezChileAttacker1931-08-14Aug12
Jean-Pierre PapinFranceAttacker1963-11-05Nov12
Jorge BurruchagaArgentinaMidfielder1962-10-09Oct12
Jorge Lino RomeroParaguayAttacker1937-09-23Sep12
Jorge ToroChileMidfielder1939-01-10Jan12
José AltafiniBrazilAttacker1938-07-24Jul12
José ParodiParaguayAttacker1932-08-30Aug12
José SasíaUruguayAttacker1933-12-27Dec12
JosimarBrazilDefender1961-09-19Sep12
Juan Bautista AgüeroCParaguayAttacker1935-06-24Jun12
Julio César RomeroParaguayMidfielder1960-08-28Aug12
Kai HavertzGermanyAttacker1999-06-11Jun12
Klaus AllofsWest GermanyAttacker1956-12-05Dec12

GOAT reference

Curated. Inclusion in this list isn't a championship ranking — it's a span of Ballon-d'Or winners + nominees + commonly-cited GOATs across eras, used for the overlay above.

30 / 30
PlayerCountryPositionDOBBirth monthWCsGoals
PeléBrazilAttacker1940-10-23Oct0
GarrinchaBrazilAttacker1933-10-28Oct0
EusébioPortugalAttacker1942-01-25Jan0
Bobby CharltonEnglandMidfielder1937-10-11Oct0
Lev YashinSoviet UnionGoalkeeper1929-10-22Oct0
Gerd MüllerWest GermanyAttacker1945-11-03Nov0
Johan CruyffNetherlandsAttacker1947-04-25Apr0
Franz BeckenbauerWest GermanyDefender1945-09-11Sep0
Diego MaradonaArgentinaMidfielder1960-10-30Oct0
Michel PlatiniFranceMidfielder1955-06-21Jun0
ZicoBrazilMidfielder1953-03-03Mar0
Karl-Heinz RummeniggeWest GermanyAttacker1955-09-25Sep0
Paolo RossiItalyAttacker1956-09-23Sep0
RomárioBrazilAttacker1966-01-29Jan0
Ronaldo (R9)BrazilAttacker1976-09-22Sep0
Zinedine ZidaneFranceMidfielder1972-06-23Jun0
RonaldinhoBrazilMidfielder1980-03-21Mar0
KakáBrazilMidfielder1982-04-22Apr0
Fabio CannavaroItalyDefender1973-09-13Sep0
Andrés IniestaSpainMidfielder1984-05-11May0
Xavi HernándezSpainMidfielder1980-01-25Jan0
Cristiano RonaldoPortugalAttacker1985-02-05Feb0
Lionel MessiArgentinaAttacker1987-06-24Jun0
Luka ModrićCroatiaMidfielder1985-09-09Sep0
Kylian MbappéFranceAttacker1998-12-20Dec0
NeymarBrazilAttacker1992-02-05Feb0
Robert LewandowskiPolandAttacker1988-08-21Aug0
Mohamed SalahEgyptAttacker1992-06-15Jun0
Karim BenzemaFranceAttacker1987-12-19Dec0
Vinícius JrBrazilAttacker2000-07-12Jul0

Hat-tricks (3+ goals in a match)

Every individual 3+ goal performance in World Cup history. Oleg Salenko's 5-goal haul in 1994 v Cameroon is the all-time single-match record.

#PlayerTeamOpponentStageYearGoals
1Oleg SalenkoRussiaCameroonGroup19945
2Ernst WilimowskiPolandBrazilRound of 1619384
3AdemirBrazilSwedenFinal round19504
4Sándor KocsisHungaryWest GermanyGroup19544
5EusébioPortugalNorth KoreaQuarter-final19664
6Emilio ButragueñoSpainDenmarkRound of 1619864
7Bert PatenaudeUnited StatesParaguayGroup19303
8Pedro CeaUruguayYugoslaviaSemi-final19303
9Guillermo StábileArgentinaMexicoGroup19303
10Edmund ConenGermanyBelgiumRound of 1619343
11Angelo SchiavioItalyUnited StatesRound of 1619343
12Oldřich NejedlýCzechoslovakiaGermanySemi-final19343
13LeônidasBrazilPolandRound of 1619383
14Gyula ZsengellérHungaryDutch East IndiesRound of 1619383
15Harry AnderssonSwedenCubaQuarter-final19383
16Gustav WetterströmSwedenCubaQuarter-final19383
17Oscar MíguezUruguayBoliviaGroup19503
18Estanislao BasoraSpainUruguayFinal round19503
19Sándor KocsisHungarySouth KoreaGroup19543
20Erich ProbstAustriaCzechoslovakiaGroup19543
21Carlos BorgesUruguayScotlandGroup19543
22Suat MamatTurkeySouth KoreaGroup19543
23Josef HügiSwitzerlandAustriaQuarter-final19543
24Just FontaineFranceParaguayGroup19583
25Just FontaineFranceWest GermanyThird place19583
26PeléBrazilFranceSemi-final19583
27Florian AlbertHungaryBulgariaGroup19623
28Geoff HurstEnglandWest GermanyFinal19663
29Franz BeckenbauerWest GermanySwitzerlandGroup19663
30Helmut HallerWest GermanySwitzerlandGroup19663
31EusébioPortugalBrazilGroup19663
32Gerd MüllerWest GermanyBulgariaGroup19703
33Gerd MüllerWest GermanyPeruQuarter-final19703
34Andrzej SzarmachPolandHaitiGroup19743
35Dušan BajevićYugoslaviaZaireGroup19743
36Robbie RensenbrinkNetherlandsIranGroup19783
37Teófilo CubillasPeruIranGroup19783
38Karl-Heinz RummeniggeWest GermanyChileGroup19823
39Zbigniew BoniekPolandBelgiumSecond round19823
40László KissHungaryEl SalvadorGroup19823
41Paolo RossiItalyBrazilSecond round19823
42Gary LinekerEnglandPolandGroup19863
43Igor BelanovSoviet UnionBelgiumRound of 1619863
44Tomáš SkuhravýCzechoslovakiaCosta RicaRound of 1619903
45MíchelSpainSouth KoreaGroup19903
46Gabriel BatistutaArgentinaGreeceGroup19943
47Gabriel BatistutaArgentinaJamaicaGroup19983
48Miroslav KloseGermanySaudi ArabiaGroup20023
49PauletaPortugalPolandGroup20023
50Gonzalo HiguaínArgentinaSouth KoreaGroup20103
51Thomas MüllerGermanyPortugalGroup20143
52Xherdan ShaqiriSwitzerlandHondurasGroup20143
53Cristiano RonaldoPortugalSpainGroup20183
54Harry KaneEnglandPanamaGroup20183
55Gonçalo RamosPortugalSwitzerlandRound of 1620223
56Kylian MbappéFranceArgentinaFinal20223
56 hat-tricks · 6with 4+ goals · Salenko's 5 (1994) is the only 5-goal haul on record