Players analysis, in distribution.

What month were most goalkeepers born? Do attackers cluster differently from defenders? Where do the GOATs (Pelé, Maradona, Cruyff, Messi, CR7, R9…) fall on the curve — on the modal month or as outliers?

Tournament window — click to toggle
2,639
Players in window
119
Teams
22.2
Avg squad size
5
Tournaments
1938, 1966, 1986, 1998, 2010

Squads by position

Players in the selected window, split by role
GET /aggregates/players?years=1938,1966,1986,1998,2010

By confederation

Where the players come from
GET /aggregates/players?years=1938,1966,1986,1998,2010

Hemisphere split

Northern vs Southern hemisphere national teams
Northern2,101 (79.6%)
Southern538 (20.4%)
ApiTeam.country × hemisphere classification

Birth month, by position

One chart per role. GOAT pin-marks (gold dots above the bars) call out where iconic players sit. Look for the “relative-age effect” — many youth-academy systems privilege Q1 birthdays (Jan-Mar) for early physical development, and you sometimes see the same skew in elite squads.

Goalkeepers

Birth-month distribution + 1 GOAT marker
GK
Lev Yashin· Oct
Modal month: Apr32 players (9.3%). Range: 2232.

Defenders

Birth-month distribution + 2 GOAT markers
DF
Franz Beckenbauer· Sep
Fabio Cannavaro· Sep
Modal month: Mar83 players (10.3%). Range: 5683.

Midfielders

Birth-month distribution + 10 GOAT markers
MF
Bobby Charlton· Oct
Diego Maradona· Oct
Michel Platini· Jun
Zico· Mar
Zinedine Zidane· Jun
Ronaldinho· Mar
Kaká· Apr
Andrés Iniesta· May
Xavi Hernández· Jan
Luka Modrić· Sep
Modal month: Mar92 players (11.2%). Range: 5692.

Attackers

Birth-month distribution + 17 GOAT markers
FW
Pelé· Oct
Garrincha· Oct
Eusébio· Jan
Gerd Müller· Nov
Johan Cruyff· Apr
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge· Sep
Paolo Rossi· Sep
Romário· Jan
Ronaldo (R9)· Sep
Cristiano Ronaldo· Feb
Lionel Messi· Jun
Kylian Mbappé· Dec
Neymar· Feb
Robert Lewandowski· Aug
Mohamed Salah· Jun
Karim Benzema· Dec
Vinícius Jr· Jul
Modal month: Mar67 players (10.3%). Range: 4467.

All players

Every player from the 1938, 1966, 1986, 1998, 2010 squads. Search by name or filter by country, position, birth year or birth month. The C badge marks captains.

2,614 / 2,614
PlayerCountryPositionDOBBirth monthWCsGoals
EusébioPortugalAttacker1942-01-25Jan19
LeônidasBrazilAttacker1913-09-06Sep17
Davor ŠukerCroatiaAttacker1968-01-01Jan16
Gary LinekerEnglandAttacker1960-11-30Nov16
Helmut HallerWest GermanyAttacker1939-07-21Jul16
CarecaBrazilAttacker1960-10-05Oct15
Christian VieriItalyAttacker1973-07-12Jul15
David VillaSpainAttacker1981-12-03Dec15
Diego ForlánUruguayAttacker1979-05-19May15
Diego MaradonaCArgentinaMidfielder1960-10-30Oct15
Emilio ButragueñoSpainAttacker1963-07-22Jul15
Gabriel BatistutaArgentinaAttacker1969-02-01Feb15
György SárosiCHungaryAttacker1912-09-15Sep15
Gyula ZsengellérHungaryAttacker1915-12-27Dec15
Silvio PiolaItalyAttacker1913-09-29Sep15
Thomas MüllerGermanyMidfielder1989-09-13Sep15
Wesley SneijderNetherlandsMidfielder1984-06-09Jun15
Alessandro AltobelliItalyAttacker1955-11-28Nov14
Ernst WilimowskiPolandAttacker1916-06-23Jun14
Ferenc BeneHungaryAttacker1944-12-17Dec14
Franz BeckenbauerWest GermanyMidfielder1945-09-11Sep14
Geoff HurstEnglandAttacker1941-12-08Dec14
Gino ColaussiItalyAttacker1914-03-04Mar14
Gonzalo HiguaínArgentinaAttacker1987-12-10Dec14
Gustav WetterströmSwedenAttacker1911-10-15Oct14
Ihor BelanovSoviet UnionMidfielder1960-09-25Sep14
Jorge ValdanoArgentinaAttacker1955-10-04Oct14
Luis HernándezMexicoAttacker1968-12-22Dec14
Marcelo SalasChileAttacker1974-12-24Dec14
Miroslav KloseGermanyAttacker1978-06-09Jun14
Preben ElkjærDenmarkAttacker1957-09-11Sep14
Róbert VittekSlovakiaAttacker1982-04-01Apr14
RonaldoBrazilAttacker1976-09-22Sep14
Valeriy PorkujanSoviet UnionAttacker1944-10-04Oct14
Thierry HenryCFranceAttacker1977-08-17Aug23
André AbegglenSwitzerlandAttacker1909-03-07Mar13
Arne NybergSwedenAttacker1913-06-20Jun13
Asamoah GyanGhanaAttacker1985-11-22Nov13
BebetoBrazilAttacker1964-02-16Feb13
Bobby CharltonEnglandMidfielder1937-10-11Oct13
César SampaioBrazilMidfielder1968-03-31Mar13
Dennis BergkampNetherlandsAttacker1969-05-10May13
Jan CeulemansCBelgiumMidfielder1957-02-28Feb13
Jesper OlsenDenmarkMidfielder1961-03-20Mar13
José AugustoPortugalMidfielder1937-04-13Apr13
José TorresPortugalAttacker1938-09-08Sep13
Jürgen KlinsmannCGermanyAttacker1964-07-30Jul13
Landon DonovanUnited StatesMidfielder1982-03-04Mar13
Luis ArtimeArgentinaAttacker1938-12-02Dec13
Luís FabianoBrazilAttacker1980-11-08Nov13
Luis SuárezUruguayAttacker1987-01-24Jan13
Nico ClaesenBelgiumAttacker1962-10-07Oct13
Oliver BierhoffGermanyAttacker1968-05-01May13
PerácioBrazilAttacker1917-11-02Nov13
RivaldoBrazilMidfielder1972-04-19Apr13
Roger HuntEnglandAttacker1938-07-20Jul13
Rudi VöllerWest GermanyAttacker1960-04-13Apr13
Cuauhtémoc BlancoCMexicoAttacker1973-01-17Jan22
Enzo ScifoBelgiumMidfielder1966-02-19Feb22
Javier HernándezMexicoMidfielder1961-08-01Aug22
Michael LaudrupCDenmarkAttacker1964-06-15Jun22
Samuel Eto'oCCameroonAttacker1981-03-10Mar22
Abdeljalil HaddaMoroccoAttacker1972-03-21Mar12
Abderrazak KhairiMoroccoAttacker1962-11-20Nov12
Alan ShearerCEnglandAttacker1970-08-13Aug12
Anatoliy BanishevskiySoviet UnionAttacker1946-02-23Feb12
Andrés IniestaSpainMidfielder1984-05-11May12
Ariel OrtegaArgentinaMidfielder1974-03-04Mar12
Arjen RobbenNetherlandsAttacker1984-01-23Jan12
Brett HolmanAustraliaAttacker1984-03-27Mar12
Brian LaudrupDenmarkAttacker1969-02-22Feb12
Carlos TevezArgentinaAttacker1984-02-05Feb12
Eduard MalofeyevSoviet UnionAttacker1942-06-02Jun12
ElanoBrazilMidfielder1981-06-14Jun12
Emmanuel PetitFranceMidfielder1970-09-22Sep12
Fernando HierroSpainMidfielder1968-03-23Mar12
Fernando MorientesSpainAttacker1976-04-05Apr12
Fernando QuirarteMexicoDefender1956-05-17May12
Héctor SocorroCubaAttacker1912-06-26Jun12
Igor ChislenkoSoviet UnionMidfielder1939-01-04Jan12
Jean NicolasFranceAttacker1913-06-09Jun12
Jean-Pierre PapinFranceAttacker1963-11-05Nov12
Jorge BurruchagaArgentinaMidfielder1962-10-09Oct12
JosimarBrazilDefender1961-09-19Sep12
Julio César RomeroParaguayMidfielder1960-08-28Aug12
Kálmán MészölyHungaryDefender1941-07-16Jul12
Kalu UcheNigeriaAttacker1982-11-15Nov12
Keisuke HondaJapanMidfielder1986-06-13Jun12
Klaus AllofsWest GermanyAttacker1956-12-05Dec12
Lee Chung-yongSouth KoreaAttacker1988-07-02Jul12
Lee Jung-sooSouth KoreaDefender1980-01-08Jan12
Lilian ThuramFranceDefender1972-01-01Jan12
Lukas PodolskiGermanyMidfielder1985-06-04Jun12
Marc WilmotsBelgiumMidfielder1969-02-22Feb12
Michael OwenEnglandAttacker1979-12-14Dec12
Michel PlatiniCFranceMidfielder1955-06-21Jun12
Oldřich NejedlýCzechoslovakiaAttacker1909-12-26Dec12
Pak Seung-zinNorth KoreaAttacker1941-01-11Jan12
Pál TitkosHungaryAttacker1908-01-08Jan12
Park Chu-youngSouth KoreaAttacker1985-07-10Jul12

GOAT reference

Curated. Inclusion in this list isn't a championship ranking — it's a span of Ballon-d'Or winners + nominees + commonly-cited GOATs across eras, used for the overlay above.

30 / 30
PlayerCountryPositionDOBBirth monthWCsGoals
PeléBrazilAttacker1940-10-23Oct0
GarrinchaBrazilAttacker1933-10-28Oct0
EusébioPortugalAttacker1942-01-25Jan0
Bobby CharltonEnglandMidfielder1937-10-11Oct0
Lev YashinSoviet UnionGoalkeeper1929-10-22Oct0
Gerd MüllerWest GermanyAttacker1945-11-03Nov0
Johan CruyffNetherlandsAttacker1947-04-25Apr0
Franz BeckenbauerWest GermanyDefender1945-09-11Sep0
Diego MaradonaArgentinaMidfielder1960-10-30Oct0
Michel PlatiniFranceMidfielder1955-06-21Jun0
ZicoBrazilMidfielder1953-03-03Mar0
Karl-Heinz RummeniggeWest GermanyAttacker1955-09-25Sep0
Paolo RossiItalyAttacker1956-09-23Sep0
RomárioBrazilAttacker1966-01-29Jan0
Ronaldo (R9)BrazilAttacker1976-09-22Sep0
Zinedine ZidaneFranceMidfielder1972-06-23Jun0
RonaldinhoBrazilMidfielder1980-03-21Mar0
KakáBrazilMidfielder1982-04-22Apr0
Fabio CannavaroItalyDefender1973-09-13Sep0
Andrés IniestaSpainMidfielder1984-05-11May0
Xavi HernándezSpainMidfielder1980-01-25Jan0
Cristiano RonaldoPortugalAttacker1985-02-05Feb0
Lionel MessiArgentinaAttacker1987-06-24Jun0
Luka ModrićCroatiaMidfielder1985-09-09Sep0
Kylian MbappéFranceAttacker1998-12-20Dec0
NeymarBrazilAttacker1992-02-05Feb0
Robert LewandowskiPolandAttacker1988-08-21Aug0
Mohamed SalahEgyptAttacker1992-06-15Jun0
Karim BenzemaFranceAttacker1987-12-19Dec0
Vinícius JrBrazilAttacker2000-07-12Jul0

Hat-tricks (3+ goals in a match)

Every individual 3+ goal performance in World Cup history. Oleg Salenko's 5-goal haul in 1994 v Cameroon is the all-time single-match record.

#PlayerTeamOpponentStageYearGoals
1Oleg SalenkoRussiaCameroonGroup19945
2Ernst WilimowskiPolandBrazilRound of 1619384
3AdemirBrazilSwedenFinal round19504
4Sándor KocsisHungaryWest GermanyGroup19544
5EusébioPortugalNorth KoreaQuarter-final19664
6Emilio ButragueñoSpainDenmarkRound of 1619864
7Bert PatenaudeUnited StatesParaguayGroup19303
8Pedro CeaUruguayYugoslaviaSemi-final19303
9Guillermo StábileArgentinaMexicoGroup19303
10Edmund ConenGermanyBelgiumRound of 1619343
11Angelo SchiavioItalyUnited StatesRound of 1619343
12Oldřich NejedlýCzechoslovakiaGermanySemi-final19343
13LeônidasBrazilPolandRound of 1619383
14Gyula ZsengellérHungaryDutch East IndiesRound of 1619383
15Harry AnderssonSwedenCubaQuarter-final19383
16Gustav WetterströmSwedenCubaQuarter-final19383
17Oscar MíguezUruguayBoliviaGroup19503
18Estanislao BasoraSpainUruguayFinal round19503
19Sándor KocsisHungarySouth KoreaGroup19543
20Erich ProbstAustriaCzechoslovakiaGroup19543
21Carlos BorgesUruguayScotlandGroup19543
22Suat MamatTurkeySouth KoreaGroup19543
23Josef HügiSwitzerlandAustriaQuarter-final19543
24Just FontaineFranceParaguayGroup19583
25Just FontaineFranceWest GermanyThird place19583
26PeléBrazilFranceSemi-final19583
27Florian AlbertHungaryBulgariaGroup19623
28Geoff HurstEnglandWest GermanyFinal19663
29Franz BeckenbauerWest GermanySwitzerlandGroup19663
30Helmut HallerWest GermanySwitzerlandGroup19663
31EusébioPortugalBrazilGroup19663
32Gerd MüllerWest GermanyBulgariaGroup19703
33Gerd MüllerWest GermanyPeruQuarter-final19703
34Andrzej SzarmachPolandHaitiGroup19743
35Dušan BajevićYugoslaviaZaireGroup19743
36Robbie RensenbrinkNetherlandsIranGroup19783
37Teófilo CubillasPeruIranGroup19783
38Karl-Heinz RummeniggeWest GermanyChileGroup19823
39Zbigniew BoniekPolandBelgiumSecond round19823
40László KissHungaryEl SalvadorGroup19823
41Paolo RossiItalyBrazilSecond round19823
42Gary LinekerEnglandPolandGroup19863
43Igor BelanovSoviet UnionBelgiumRound of 1619863
44Tomáš SkuhravýCzechoslovakiaCosta RicaRound of 1619903
45MíchelSpainSouth KoreaGroup19903
46Gabriel BatistutaArgentinaGreeceGroup19943
47Gabriel BatistutaArgentinaJamaicaGroup19983
48Miroslav KloseGermanySaudi ArabiaGroup20023
49PauletaPortugalPolandGroup20023
50Gonzalo HiguaínArgentinaSouth KoreaGroup20103
51Thomas MüllerGermanyPortugalGroup20143
52Xherdan ShaqiriSwitzerlandHondurasGroup20143
53Cristiano RonaldoPortugalSpainGroup20183
54Harry KaneEnglandPanamaGroup20183
55Gonçalo RamosPortugalSwitzerlandRound of 1620223
56Kylian MbappéFranceArgentinaFinal20223
56 hat-tricks · 6with 4+ goals · Salenko's 5 (1994) is the only 5-goal haul on record