Players analysis, in distribution.

What month were most goalkeepers born? Do attackers cluster differently from defenders? Where do the GOATs (Pelé, Maradona, Cruyff, Messi, CR7, R9…) fall on the curve — on the modal month or as outliers?

Tournament window — click to toggle
2,256
Players in window
103
Teams
21.9
Avg squad size
5
Tournaments
1938, 1966, 1986, 1990, 1994

Squads by position

Players in the selected window, split by role
GET /aggregates/players?years=1938,1966,1986,1990,1994

By confederation

Where the players come from
GET /aggregates/players?years=1938,1966,1986,1990,1994

Hemisphere split

Northern vs Southern hemisphere national teams
Northern1,881 (83.4%)
Southern375 (16.6%)
ApiTeam.country × hemisphere classification

Birth month, by position

One chart per role. GOAT pin-marks (gold dots above the bars) call out where iconic players sit. Look for the “relative-age effect” — many youth-academy systems privilege Q1 birthdays (Jan-Mar) for early physical development, and you sometimes see the same skew in elite squads.

Goalkeepers

Birth-month distribution + 1 GOAT marker
GK
Lev Yashin· Oct
Modal month: Aug31 players (10.5%). Range: 1631.

Defenders

Birth-month distribution + 2 GOAT markers
DF
Franz Beckenbauer· Sep
Fabio Cannavaro· Sep
Modal month: Mar76 players (11.2%). Range: 4376.

Midfielders

Birth-month distribution + 10 GOAT markers
MF
Bobby Charlton· Oct
Diego Maradona· Oct
Michel Platini· Jun
Zico· Mar
Zinedine Zidane· Jun
Ronaldinho· Mar
Kaká· Apr
Andrés Iniesta· May
Xavi Hernández· Jan
Luka Modrić· Sep
Modal month: Sep87 players (12.5%). Range: 3887.

Attackers

Birth-month distribution + 17 GOAT markers
FW
Pelé· Oct
Garrincha· Oct
Eusébio· Jan
Gerd Müller· Nov
Johan Cruyff· Apr
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge· Sep
Paolo Rossi· Sep
Romário· Jan
Ronaldo (R9)· Sep
Cristiano Ronaldo· Feb
Lionel Messi· Jun
Kylian Mbappé· Dec
Neymar· Feb
Robert Lewandowski· Aug
Mohamed Salah· Jun
Karim Benzema· Dec
Vinícius Jr· Jul
Modal month: Nov57 players (9.9%). Range: 3557.

All players

Every player from the 1938, 1966, 1986, 1990, 1994 squads. Search by name or filter by country, position, birth year or birth month. The C badge marks captains.

2,064 / 2,064
PlayerCountryPositionDOBBirth monthWCsGoals
Gary LinekerEnglandAttacker1960-11-30Nov210
EusébioPortugalAttacker1942-01-25Jan19
CarecaBrazilAttacker1960-10-05Oct27
Roberto BaggioItalyAttacker1967-02-18Feb27
LeônidasBrazilAttacker1913-09-06Sep17
Diego MaradonaCArgentinaMidfielder1960-10-30Oct36
Rudi VöllerWest GermanyAttacker1960-04-13Apr26
Helmut HallerWest GermanyAttacker1939-07-21Jul16
Hristo StoichkovBulgariaAttacker1966-02-08Feb16
Oleg SalenkoRussiaAttacker1969-10-25Oct16
Salvatore SchillaciItalyAttacker1964-12-01Dec16
Emilio ButragueñoCSpainAttacker1963-07-22Jul25
Lothar MatthäusCWest GermanyMidfielder1961-03-21Mar25
Roger MillaCameroonAttacker1952-05-20May25
RomárioBrazilAttacker1966-01-29Jan25
György SárosiCHungaryAttacker1912-09-15Sep15
Gyula ZsengellérHungaryAttacker1915-12-27Dec15
Jürgen KlinsmannGermanyAttacker1964-07-30Jul15
Kennet AnderssonSwedenAttacker1967-10-06Oct15
Silvio PiolaItalyAttacker1913-09-29Sep15
Tomáš SkuhravýCzechoslovakiaAttacker1965-09-07Sep15
Andreas BrehmeWest GermanyDefender1960-11-09Nov24
Claudio CaniggiaArgentinaAttacker1967-01-09Jan24
Florin RăducioiuRomaniaAttacker1970-03-17Mar24
Jan CeulemansCBelgiumMidfielder1957-02-28Feb24
MíchelSpainMidfielder1963-03-23Mar24
Tomas BrolinSwedenAttacker1969-11-29Nov24
Alessandro AltobelliItalyAttacker1955-11-28Nov14
Ernst WilimowskiPolandAttacker1916-06-23Jun14
Ferenc BeneHungaryAttacker1944-12-17Dec14
Franz BeckenbauerWest GermanyMidfielder1945-09-11Sep14
Gabriel BatistutaArgentinaAttacker1969-02-01Feb14
Geoff HurstEnglandAttacker1941-12-08Dec14
Gino ColaussiItalyAttacker1914-03-04Mar14
Gustav WetterströmSwedenAttacker1911-10-15Oct14
Ihor BelanovSoviet UnionMidfielder1960-09-25Sep14
Jorge ValdanoArgentinaAttacker1955-10-04Oct14
Martin DahlinSwedenAttacker1968-04-16Apr14
Preben ElkjærDenmarkAttacker1957-09-11Sep14
Valeriy PorkujanSoviet UnionAttacker1944-10-04Oct14
Enzo ScifoBelgiumMidfielder1966-02-19Feb33
Julio SalinasSpainAttacker1962-09-11Sep33
BebetoBrazilAttacker1964-02-16Feb23
Gheorghe HagiCRomaniaMidfielder1965-02-05Feb23
Jorge BurruchagaArgentinaMidfielder1962-10-09Oct23
Nico ClaesenBelgiumAttacker1962-10-07Oct23
André AbegglenSwitzerlandAttacker1909-03-07Mar13
Arne NybergSwedenAttacker1913-06-20Jun13
Bobby CharltonEnglandMidfielder1937-10-11Oct13
David PlattEnglandMidfielder1966-06-10Jun13
Dennis BergkampNetherlandsAttacker1969-05-10May13
Jesper OlsenDenmarkMidfielder1961-03-20Mar13
José AugustoPortugalMidfielder1937-04-13Apr13
José Luis CamineroSpainMidfielder1967-11-08Nov13
José TorresPortugalAttacker1938-09-08Sep13
Jürgen KlinsmannWest GermanyAttacker1964-07-30Jul13
Luis ArtimeArgentinaAttacker1938-12-02Dec13
PerácioBrazilAttacker1917-11-02Nov13
Roger HuntEnglandAttacker1938-07-20Jul13
MüllerBrazilAttacker1966-01-31Jan32
François Omam-BiyikCameroonAttacker1966-05-21May22
Hong Myung-boSouth KoreaDefender1969-02-12Feb22
Ilie DumitrescuRomaniaAttacker1969-01-06Jan22
Marc DegryseBelgiumAttacker1965-09-04Sep22
Nasko SirakovBulgariaAttacker1962-04-26Apr22
Oleksandr ZavarovSoviet UnionMidfielder1961-04-24Apr22
Philippe AlbertBelgiumDefender1967-08-10Aug22
Abderrazak KhairiMoroccoAttacker1962-11-20Nov12
Adolfo ValenciaColombiaAttacker1968-02-06Feb12
Adrian KnupSwitzerlandAttacker1968-07-02Jul12
Anatoliy BanishevskiySoviet UnionAttacker1946-02-23Feb12
Bernardo RedínColombiaMidfielder1963-02-26Feb12
Daniel AmokachiNigeriaAttacker1972-12-30Dec12
Darko PančevYugoslaviaAttacker1965-09-07Sep12
Davor JozićYugoslaviaDefender1960-09-22Sep12
Dino BaggioItalyMidfielder1971-07-24Jul12
Dragan StojkovićYugoslaviaMidfielder1965-03-03Mar12
Eduard MalofeyevSoviet UnionAttacker1942-06-02Jun12
Emmanuel AmunikeNigeriaMidfielder1970-12-25Dec12
Fernando QuirarteMexicoDefender1956-05-17May12
Fuad AnwarSaudi ArabiaMidfielder1972-10-13Oct12
Gabi BalintRomaniaAttacker1963-01-03Jan12
Héctor SocorroCubaAttacker1912-06-26Jun12
Igor ChislenkoSoviet UnionMidfielder1939-01-04Jan12
Jean NicolasFranceAttacker1913-06-09Jun12
Jean-Pierre PapinFranceAttacker1963-11-05Nov12
Jon GoikoetxeaSpainMidfielder1965-10-21Oct12
JosimarBrazilDefender1961-09-19Sep12
Julio César RomeroParaguayMidfielder1960-08-28Aug12
Kálmán MészölyHungaryDefender1941-07-16Jul12
Klaus AllofsWest GermanyAttacker1956-12-05Dec12
Luis GarcíaMexicoAttacker1969-06-01Jun12
Marius LăcătușRomaniaAttacker1964-04-05Apr12
Michal BílekCzechoslovakiaMidfielder1965-04-13Apr12
Michel PlatiniCFranceMidfielder1955-06-21Jun12
Oldřich NejedlýCzechoslovakiaAttacker1909-12-26Dec12
Pak Seung-zinNorth KoreaAttacker1941-01-11Jan12
Pál TitkosHungaryAttacker1908-01-08Jan12
Ramón CalderéSpainMidfielder1959-01-16Jan12
Roberto CabañasParaguayAttacker1961-04-11Apr12

GOAT reference

Curated. Inclusion in this list isn't a championship ranking — it's a span of Ballon-d'Or winners + nominees + commonly-cited GOATs across eras, used for the overlay above.

30 / 30
PlayerCountryPositionDOBBirth monthWCsGoals
PeléBrazilAttacker1940-10-23Oct0
GarrinchaBrazilAttacker1933-10-28Oct0
EusébioPortugalAttacker1942-01-25Jan0
Bobby CharltonEnglandMidfielder1937-10-11Oct0
Lev YashinSoviet UnionGoalkeeper1929-10-22Oct0
Gerd MüllerWest GermanyAttacker1945-11-03Nov0
Johan CruyffNetherlandsAttacker1947-04-25Apr0
Franz BeckenbauerWest GermanyDefender1945-09-11Sep0
Diego MaradonaArgentinaMidfielder1960-10-30Oct0
Michel PlatiniFranceMidfielder1955-06-21Jun0
ZicoBrazilMidfielder1953-03-03Mar0
Karl-Heinz RummeniggeWest GermanyAttacker1955-09-25Sep0
Paolo RossiItalyAttacker1956-09-23Sep0
RomárioBrazilAttacker1966-01-29Jan0
Ronaldo (R9)BrazilAttacker1976-09-22Sep0
Zinedine ZidaneFranceMidfielder1972-06-23Jun0
RonaldinhoBrazilMidfielder1980-03-21Mar0
KakáBrazilMidfielder1982-04-22Apr0
Fabio CannavaroItalyDefender1973-09-13Sep0
Andrés IniestaSpainMidfielder1984-05-11May0
Xavi HernándezSpainMidfielder1980-01-25Jan0
Cristiano RonaldoPortugalAttacker1985-02-05Feb0
Lionel MessiArgentinaAttacker1987-06-24Jun0
Luka ModrićCroatiaMidfielder1985-09-09Sep0
Kylian MbappéFranceAttacker1998-12-20Dec0
NeymarBrazilAttacker1992-02-05Feb0
Robert LewandowskiPolandAttacker1988-08-21Aug0
Mohamed SalahEgyptAttacker1992-06-15Jun0
Karim BenzemaFranceAttacker1987-12-19Dec0
Vinícius JrBrazilAttacker2000-07-12Jul0

Hat-tricks (3+ goals in a match)

Every individual 3+ goal performance in World Cup history. Oleg Salenko's 5-goal haul in 1994 v Cameroon is the all-time single-match record.

#PlayerTeamOpponentStageYearGoals
1Oleg SalenkoRussiaCameroonGroup19945
2Ernst WilimowskiPolandBrazilRound of 1619384
3AdemirBrazilSwedenFinal round19504
4Sándor KocsisHungaryWest GermanyGroup19544
5EusébioPortugalNorth KoreaQuarter-final19664
6Emilio ButragueñoSpainDenmarkRound of 1619864
7Bert PatenaudeUnited StatesParaguayGroup19303
8Pedro CeaUruguayYugoslaviaSemi-final19303
9Guillermo StábileArgentinaMexicoGroup19303
10Edmund ConenGermanyBelgiumRound of 1619343
11Angelo SchiavioItalyUnited StatesRound of 1619343
12Oldřich NejedlýCzechoslovakiaGermanySemi-final19343
13LeônidasBrazilPolandRound of 1619383
14Gyula ZsengellérHungaryDutch East IndiesRound of 1619383
15Harry AnderssonSwedenCubaQuarter-final19383
16Gustav WetterströmSwedenCubaQuarter-final19383
17Oscar MíguezUruguayBoliviaGroup19503
18Estanislao BasoraSpainUruguayFinal round19503
19Sándor KocsisHungarySouth KoreaGroup19543
20Erich ProbstAustriaCzechoslovakiaGroup19543
21Carlos BorgesUruguayScotlandGroup19543
22Suat MamatTurkeySouth KoreaGroup19543
23Josef HügiSwitzerlandAustriaQuarter-final19543
24Just FontaineFranceParaguayGroup19583
25Just FontaineFranceWest GermanyThird place19583
26PeléBrazilFranceSemi-final19583
27Florian AlbertHungaryBulgariaGroup19623
28Geoff HurstEnglandWest GermanyFinal19663
29Franz BeckenbauerWest GermanySwitzerlandGroup19663
30Helmut HallerWest GermanySwitzerlandGroup19663
31EusébioPortugalBrazilGroup19663
32Gerd MüllerWest GermanyBulgariaGroup19703
33Gerd MüllerWest GermanyPeruQuarter-final19703
34Andrzej SzarmachPolandHaitiGroup19743
35Dušan BajevićYugoslaviaZaireGroup19743
36Robbie RensenbrinkNetherlandsIranGroup19783
37Teófilo CubillasPeruIranGroup19783
38Karl-Heinz RummeniggeWest GermanyChileGroup19823
39Zbigniew BoniekPolandBelgiumSecond round19823
40László KissHungaryEl SalvadorGroup19823
41Paolo RossiItalyBrazilSecond round19823
42Gary LinekerEnglandPolandGroup19863
43Igor BelanovSoviet UnionBelgiumRound of 1619863
44Tomáš SkuhravýCzechoslovakiaCosta RicaRound of 1619903
45MíchelSpainSouth KoreaGroup19903
46Gabriel BatistutaArgentinaGreeceGroup19943
47Gabriel BatistutaArgentinaJamaicaGroup19983
48Miroslav KloseGermanySaudi ArabiaGroup20023
49PauletaPortugalPolandGroup20023
50Gonzalo HiguaínArgentinaSouth KoreaGroup20103
51Thomas MüllerGermanyPortugalGroup20143
52Xherdan ShaqiriSwitzerlandHondurasGroup20143
53Cristiano RonaldoPortugalSpainGroup20183
54Harry KaneEnglandPanamaGroup20183
55Gonçalo RamosPortugalSwitzerlandRound of 1620223
56Kylian MbappéFranceArgentinaFinal20223
56 hat-tricks · 6with 4+ goals · Salenko's 5 (1994) is the only 5-goal haul on record