Players analysis, in distribution.

What month were most goalkeepers born? Do attackers cluster differently from defenders? Where do the GOATs (Pelé, Maradona, Cruyff, Messi, CR7, R9…) fall on the curve — on the modal month or as outliers?

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'30s

1930 1934 1938

'50s

'60s

'70s

'80s

'90s

'00s

'10s

'20s

1,851

Players in window

Teams

23.4

Avg squad size

Tournaments

1938, 1954, 1978, 2022

Squads by position

Players in the selected window, split by role

GET /aggregates/players?years=1938,1954,1978,2022

By confederation

Where the players come from

GET /aggregates/players?years=1938,1954,1978,2022

Hemisphere split

Northern vs Southern hemisphere national teams

Northern1,589 (85.8%)

Southern262 (14.2%)

ApiTeam.country × hemisphere classification

Birth month, by position

One chart per role. GOAT pin-marks (gold dots above the bars) call out where iconic players sit. Look for the “relative-age effect” — many youth-academy systems privilege Q1 birthdays (Jan-Mar) for early physical development, and you sometimes see the same skew in elite squads.

Goalkeepers

Birth-month distribution + 1 GOAT marker

Lev Yashin· Oct

Modal month: Feb — 28 players (12.4%). Range: 11—28.

Defenders

Birth-month distribution + 2 GOAT markers

Franz Beckenbauer· Sep

Fabio Cannavaro· Sep

Modal month: Jan — 64 players (12.3%). Range: 35—64.

Midfielders

Birth-month distribution + 10 GOAT markers

Bobby Charlton· Oct

Diego Maradona· Oct

Michel Platini· Jun

Zico· Mar

Zinedine Zidane· Jun

Ronaldinho· Mar

Kaká· Apr

Andrés Iniesta· May

Xavi Hernández· Jan

Luka Modrić· Sep

Modal month: Jan — 62 players (11.4%). Range: 28—62.

Attackers

Birth-month distribution + 17 GOAT markers

Pelé· Oct

Garrincha· Oct

Eusébio· Jan

Gerd Müller· Nov

Johan Cruyff· Apr

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge· Sep

Paolo Rossi· Sep

Romário· Jan

Ronaldo (R9)· Sep

Cristiano Ronaldo· Feb

Lionel Messi· Jun

Kylian Mbappé· Dec

Neymar· Feb

Robert Lewandowski· Aug

Mohamed Salah· Jun

Karim Benzema· Dec

Vinícius Jr· Jul

Modal month: Feb — 61 players (11.2%). Range: 35—61.

All players

Every player from the 1938, 1954, 1978, 2022 squads. Search by name or filter by country, position, birth year or birth month. The C badge marks captains.

NameCountryPositionBirth yearBirth month

1,850 / 1,850

Player	Country	Position	DOB	Birth month	WCs	Goals
Sándor Kocsis	Hungary	Attacker	1929-09-21	Sep	1	11
Kylian Mbappé	France	Attacker	1998-12-20	Dec	1	8
Leônidas	Brazil	Attacker	1913-09-06	Sep	1	7
Lionel MessiC	Argentina	Attacker	1987-06-24	Jun	1	7
Erich Probst	Austria	Midfielder	1927-12-05	Dec	1	6
Josef Hügi	Switzerland	Attacker	1930-01-23	Jan	1	6
Mario Kempes	Argentina	Attacker	1954-07-15	Jul	1	6
Max Morlock	West Germany	Attacker	1925-05-11	May	1	6
György SárosiC	Hungary	Attacker	1912-09-15	Sep	1	5
Gyula Zsengellér	Hungary	Attacker	1915-12-27	Dec	1	5
Rob Rensenbrink	Netherlands	Attacker	1947-07-03	Jul	1	5
Silvio Piola	Italy	Attacker	1913-09-29	Sep	1	5
Teófilo Cubillas	Peru	Midfielder	1949-03-08	Mar	1	5
Carlos Borges	Uruguay	Attacker	1932-01-14	Jan	1	4
Ernst Wilimowski	Poland	Attacker	1916-06-23	Jun	1	4
Ferenc PuskásC	Hungary	Attacker	1927-04-02	Apr	1	4
Gino Colaussi	Italy	Attacker	1914-03-04	Mar	1	4
Gustav Wetterström	Sweden	Attacker	1911-10-15	Oct	1	4
Hans Krankl	Austria	Attacker	1953-02-14	Feb	1	4
Hans Schäfer	West Germany	Attacker	1927-10-19	Oct	1	4
Helmut Rahn	West Germany	Attacker	1929-08-16	Aug	1	4
Julián Alvarez	Argentina	Attacker	2000-01-31	Jan	1	4
Leopoldo Luque	Argentina	Attacker	1949-05-03	May	1	4
Nándor Hidegkuti	Hungary	Attacker	1922-03-03	Mar	1	4
Olivier Giroud	France	Attacker	1986-09-30	Sep	1	4
Ottmar Walter	West Germany	Attacker	1924-03-06	Mar	1	4
Robert Ballaman	Switzerland	Attacker	1926-06-21	Jun	1	4
Álvaro Morata	Spain	Attacker	1992-10-23	Oct	1	3
André Abegglen	Switzerland	Attacker	1909-03-07	Mar	1	3
Arne Nyberg	Sweden	Attacker	1913-06-20	Jun	1	3
Bukayo Saka	England	Attacker	2001-09-05	Sep	1	3
Burhan Sargun	Turkey	Attacker	1929-02-11	Feb	1	3
Cody Gakpo	Netherlands	Attacker	1999-05-07	May	1	3
Dirceu	Brazil	Midfielder	1952-06-15	Jun	1	3
Enner ValenciaC	Ecuador	Attacker	1989-11-04	Nov	1	3
Ernie Brandts	Netherlands	Defender	1956-02-03	Feb	1	3
Ernst Stojaspal	Austria	Attacker	1925-01-14	Jan	1	3
Fritz WalterC	West Germany	Attacker	1920-10-31	Oct	1	3
Gonçalo Ramos	Portugal	Attacker	2001-06-20	Jun	1	3
Johnny Rep	Netherlands	Attacker	1951-11-25	Nov	1	3
Juan Hohberg	Uruguay	Attacker	1926-10-08	Oct	1	3
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge	West Germany	Attacker	1955-09-25	Sep	1	3
Léopold Anoul	Belgium	Attacker	1922-08-19	Aug	1	3
Marcus Rashford	England	Attacker	1997-10-31	Oct	1	3
Nat Lofthouse	England	Attacker	1925-08-27	Aug	1	3
Oscar Míguez	Uruguay	Attacker	1927-12-05	Dec	1	3
Paolo Rossi	Italy	Attacker	1956-09-23	Sep	1	3
Perácio	Brazil	Attacker	1917-11-02	Nov	1	3
Richarlison	Brazil	Attacker	1997-05-10	May	1	3
Roberto Dinamite	Brazil	Attacker	1954-04-13	Apr	1	3
Suat Mamat	Turkey	Attacker	1930-11-08	Nov	1	3
Theodor Wagner	Austria	Attacker	1927-08-06	Aug	1	3
Zoltán Czibor	Hungary	Attacker	1929-08-08	Aug	1	3
Aleksandar Mitrović	Serbia	Attacker	1994-09-16	Sep	1	2
Alfred Körner	Austria	Attacker	1926-02-14	Feb	1	2
Andrej Kramarić	Croatia	Attacker	1991-06-19	Jun	1	2
Archie Gemmill	Scotland	Midfielder	1947-03-24	Mar	1	2
Arie Haan	Netherlands	Midfielder	1948-11-16	Nov	1	2
Breel Embolo	Switzerland	Attacker	1997-02-14	Feb	1	2
Bruno Fernandes	Portugal	Midfielder	1994-09-08	Sep	1	2
Cho Gue-sung	South Korea	Attacker	1998-01-25	Jan	1	2
Daniel Bertoni	Argentina	Attacker	1955-03-14	Mar	1	2
Didi	Brazil	Midfielder	1928-10-08	Oct	1	2
Dieter Müller	West Germany	Attacker	1954-04-01	Apr	1	2
Enzo Fernández	Argentina	Midfielder	2001-01-17	Jan	1	2
Ernst OcwirkC	Austria	Midfielder	1926-03-07	Mar	1	2
Ferran Torres	Spain	Attacker	2000-02-29	Feb	1	2
Giorgian de Arrascaeta	Uruguay	Midfielder	1994-06-01	Jun	1	2
Grzegorz Lato	Poland	Attacker	1950-04-08	Apr	1	2
Harry KaneC	England	Attacker	1993-07-28	Jul	1	2
Héctor Socorro	Cuba	Attacker	1912-06-26	Jun	1	2
Heinz Flohe	West Germany	Midfielder	1948-01-28	Jan	1	2
Ivor Broadis	England	Attacker	1922-12-18	Dec	1	2
Jean Nicolas	France	Attacker	1913-06-09	Jun	1	2
Juan Alberto Schiaffino	Uruguay	Attacker	1925-07-28	Jul	1	2
Julinho	Brazil	Attacker	1929-07-29	Jul	1	2
Julio Abbadie	Uruguay	Attacker	1930-09-07	Sep	1	2
Kai Havertz	Germany	Attacker	1999-06-11	Jun	1	2
Lefter Küçükandonyadis	Turkey	Attacker	1925-12-22	Dec	1	2
Mehdi Taremi	Iran	Attacker	1992-07-18	Jul	1	2
Mihály Lantos	Hungary	Defender	1928-09-29	Sep	1	2
Mohammed Kudus	Ghana	Midfielder	2000-08-02	Aug	1	2
Nelinho	Brazil	Defender	1950-07-26	Jul	1	2
Neymar	Brazil	Attacker	1992-02-05	Feb	1	2
Niclas Füllkrug	Germany	Attacker	1993-02-09	Feb	1	2
Oldřich Nejedlý	Czechoslovakia	Attacker	1909-12-26	Dec	1	2
Pál Titkos	Hungary	Attacker	1908-01-08	Jan	1	2
Péter Palotás	Hungary	Attacker	1929-06-27	Jun	1	2
Pinga	Brazil	Attacker	1924-02-11	Feb	1	2
Rafael Leão	Portugal	Attacker	1999-06-10	Jun	1	2
Ritsu Dōan	Japan	Midfielder	1998-06-16	Jun	1	2
Robert LewandowskiC	Poland	Attacker	1988-08-21	Aug	1	2
Roberto Bettega	Italy	Attacker	1950-12-27	Dec	1	2
Romeu	Brazil	Attacker	1911-03-26	Mar	1	2
Salem Al-Dawsari	Saudi Arabia	Attacker	1991-08-19	Aug	1	2
Ștefan Dobay	Romania	Attacker	1909-09-26	Sep	1	2
Sven Jonasson	Sweden	Attacker	1909-07-09	Jul	1	2
Vincent AboubakarC	Cameroon	Attacker	1992-01-22	Jan	1	2
Wout Weghorst	Netherlands	Attacker	1992-08-07	Aug	1	2
Youssef En-Nesyri	Morocco	Attacker	1997-06-01	Jun	1	2

GOAT reference

Curated. Inclusion in this list isn't a championship ranking — it's a span of Ballon-d'Or winners + nominees + commonly-cited GOATs across eras, used for the overlay above.

NameCountryPositionBirth yearBirth month

30 / 30

Player	Country	Position	DOB	Birth month	Goals
Pelé	Brazil	Attacker	1940-10-23	Oct	—
Garrincha	Brazil	Attacker	1933-10-28	Oct	—
Eusébio	Portugal	Attacker	1942-01-25	Jan	—
Bobby Charlton	England	Midfielder	1937-10-11	Oct	—
Lev Yashin	Soviet Union	Goalkeeper	1929-10-22	Oct	—
Gerd Müller	West Germany	Attacker	1945-11-03	Nov	—
Johan Cruyff	Netherlands	Attacker	1947-04-25	Apr	—
Franz Beckenbauer	West Germany	Defender	1945-09-11	Sep	—
Diego Maradona	Argentina	Midfielder	1960-10-30	Oct	—
Michel Platini	France	Midfielder	1955-06-21	Jun	—
Zico	Brazil	Midfielder	1953-03-03	Mar	—
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge	West Germany	Attacker	1955-09-25	Sep	—
Paolo Rossi	Italy	Attacker	1956-09-23	Sep	—
Romário	Brazil	Attacker	1966-01-29	Jan	—
Ronaldo (R9)	Brazil	Attacker	1976-09-22	Sep	—
Zinedine Zidane	France	Midfielder	1972-06-23	Jun	—
Ronaldinho	Brazil	Midfielder	1980-03-21	Mar	—
Kaká	Brazil	Midfielder	1982-04-22	Apr	—
Fabio Cannavaro	Italy	Defender	1973-09-13	Sep	—
Andrés Iniesta	Spain	Midfielder	1984-05-11	May	—
Xavi Hernández	Spain	Midfielder	1980-01-25	Jan	—
Cristiano Ronaldo	Portugal	Attacker	1985-02-05	Feb	—
Lionel Messi	Argentina	Attacker	1987-06-24	Jun	—
Luka Modrić	Croatia	Midfielder	1985-09-09	Sep	—
Kylian Mbappé	France	Attacker	1998-12-20	Dec	—
Neymar	Brazil	Attacker	1992-02-05	Feb	—
Robert Lewandowski	Poland	Attacker	1988-08-21	Aug	—
Mohamed Salah	Egypt	Attacker	1992-06-15	Jun	—
Karim Benzema	France	Attacker	1987-12-19	Dec	—
Vinícius Jr	Brazil	Attacker	2000-07-12	Jul	—

Hat-tricks (3+ goals in a match)

Every individual 3+ goal performance in World Cup history. Oleg Salenko's 5-goal haul in 1994 v Cameroon is the all-time single-match record.

#	Player	Team	Opponent	Stage	Year	Goals
1	Oleg Salenko	Russia	Cameroon	Group	1994	5
2	Ernst Wilimowski	Poland	Brazil	Round of 16	1938	4
3	Ademir	Brazil	Sweden	Final round	1950	4
4	Sándor Kocsis	Hungary	West Germany	Group	1954	4
5	Eusébio	Portugal	North Korea	Quarter-final	1966	4
6	Emilio Butragueño	Spain	Denmark	Round of 16	1986	4
7	Bert Patenaude	United States	Paraguay	Group	1930	3
8	Pedro Cea	Uruguay	Yugoslavia	Semi-final	1930	3
9	Guillermo Stábile	Argentina	Mexico	Group	1930	3
10	Edmund Conen	Germany	Belgium	Round of 16	1934	3
11	Angelo Schiavio	Italy	United States	Round of 16	1934	3
12	Oldřich Nejedlý	Czechoslovakia	Germany	Semi-final	1934	3
13	Leônidas	Brazil	Poland	Round of 16	1938	3
14	Gyula Zsengellér	Hungary	Dutch East Indies	Round of 16	1938	3
15	Harry Andersson	Sweden	Cuba	Quarter-final	1938	3
16	Gustav Wetterström	Sweden	Cuba	Quarter-final	1938	3
17	Oscar Míguez	Uruguay	Bolivia	Group	1950	3
18	Estanislao Basora	Spain	Uruguay	Final round	1950	3
19	Sándor Kocsis	Hungary	South Korea	Group	1954	3
20	Erich Probst	Austria	Czechoslovakia	Group	1954	3
21	Carlos Borges	Uruguay	Scotland	Group	1954	3
22	Suat Mamat	Turkey	South Korea	Group	1954	3
23	Josef Hügi	Switzerland	Austria	Quarter-final	1954	3
24	Just Fontaine	France	Paraguay	Group	1958	3
25	Just Fontaine	France	West Germany	Third place	1958	3
26	Pelé	Brazil	France	Semi-final	1958	3
27	Florian Albert	Hungary	Bulgaria	Group	1962	3
28	Geoff Hurst	England	West Germany	Final	1966	3
29	Franz Beckenbauer	West Germany	Switzerland	Group	1966	3
30	Helmut Haller	West Germany	Switzerland	Group	1966	3
31	Eusébio	Portugal	Brazil	Group	1966	3
32	Gerd Müller	West Germany	Bulgaria	Group	1970	3
33	Gerd Müller	West Germany	Peru	Quarter-final	1970	3
34	Andrzej Szarmach	Poland	Haiti	Group	1974	3
35	Dušan Bajević	Yugoslavia	Zaire	Group	1974	3
36	Robbie Rensenbrink	Netherlands	Iran	Group	1978	3
37	Teófilo Cubillas	Peru	Iran	Group	1978	3
38	Karl-Heinz Rummenigge	West Germany	Chile	Group	1982	3
39	Zbigniew Boniek	Poland	Belgium	Second round	1982	3
40	László Kiss	Hungary	El Salvador	Group	1982	3
41	Paolo Rossi	Italy	Brazil	Second round	1982	3
42	Gary Lineker	England	Poland	Group	1986	3
43	Igor Belanov	Soviet Union	Belgium	Round of 16	1986	3
44	Tomáš Skuhravý	Czechoslovakia	Costa Rica	Round of 16	1990	3
45	Míchel	Spain	South Korea	Group	1990	3
46	Gabriel Batistuta	Argentina	Greece	Group	1994	3
47	Gabriel Batistuta	Argentina	Jamaica	Group	1998	3
48	Miroslav Klose	Germany	Saudi Arabia	Group	2002	3
49	Pauleta	Portugal	Poland	Group	2002	3
50	Gonzalo Higuaín	Argentina	South Korea	Group	2010	3
51	Thomas Müller	Germany	Portugal	Group	2014	3
52	Xherdan Shaqiri	Switzerland	Honduras	Group	2014	3
53	Cristiano Ronaldo	Portugal	Spain	Group	2018	3
54	Harry Kane	England	Panama	Group	2018	3
55	Gonçalo Ramos	Portugal	Switzerland	Round of 16	2022	3
56	Kylian Mbappé	France	Argentina	Final	2022	3

56 hat-tricks · 6with 4+ goals · Salenko's 5 (1994) is the only 5-goal haul on record